手动负压吸引术研究现状

Research status of manual vacuum aspiration

手动负压吸引术(MVA)是指使用手动负压吸引器和其配套双窗吸管终止早期妊娠人工流产的方法,目前在世界上广泛被使用,但在我国并未被广泛使用,在使用MVA的30多年里,MVA在早孕人工流产术中的安全及有效性已经被证明。有研究表明MVA具有以下优点:对组织损伤小,降低人工流产综合征的发生;术中无需多次进出子宫,降低感染的机会;减少扩张宫颈,从而可减轻扩宫对患者造成的痛苦,减少对麻醉的需求,减少麻醉造成的风险。WHO建议MVA可用于妊娠12周以内的人工流产术、妊娠12周以内的自然流产、不完全流产、宫内残留物。本文从完全流产率、患者和医生的满意度/可接受性、术中出血量、扩张宫颈、疼痛、手术时间、人工流产综合反应、费用、技术特性这些方面对MVA和电动负压吸引术(EVA)进行比较。

Manual vacuum aspiration（MVA） refers to the use of manual suction device and its matching two-window straw to terminate early pregnancy induced abortion,currently widely used in the world,but not widely used in China.Over 30 years of using MVA,the safety and efficacy of MVA in early pregnancy induced abortion have been demonstrated.Studies have shown that MVA has the following advantages：small tissue damage,reducing the incidence of artificial abortion syndrome;reducing access to uterine cavity,reducing the chance of infection;reducing the expansion of the cervix,which can reduce the pain caused by the enlarged palace,reduce the need for anesthesia,thus to reduce the risk of anesthesia.WHO recommends that MVA be available for abortions within 12 weeks of pregnancy,spontaneous abortions within 12 weeks of pregnancy,incomplete abortions,and intrauterine residues.This paper compared MVA and electric vacuum aspiration（EVA） from total abortion rate,patient and physician satisfaction/acceptability,intraoperative bleeding,dilatation of cervix,pain,surgical time,synthetic response to induced abortion,cost,technical characteristics.