老年肺结核病的发病特点与应对

Morbidity characteristics and treatment of senile pulmonary tuberculosis

结核病作为一种慢性传染性疾病,严重地危害着人们的身心健康。目前我国的结核病形势还非常严峻,老年人免疫功能低下、营养状况不良等,较青年人更容易感染肺结核;其次老年人由于患有慢性支气管炎、糖尿病、支气管扩张症及肿瘤等合并症比较多,肺结核的临床症状和胸部X线不典型,容易延误诊断和治疗;还有老年肺结核复治患者多;老年肺结核,菌阳率高,是重要的传染源;PPD敏感性低;性别差异较大等特点。在了解老年人肺结核发病特点的基础上,给予有针对性地预防、治疗以及护理,对于有效地控制老年肺结核,减少发病率,提高治愈率起到至关重要的作用。

As a chronic infectious disease,tuberculosis seriously endangers people＇s physical and mental health.At present,the situation of tuberculosis in our country is still very serious.The older persons are more likely to be infected with tuberculosis than young people because of their low immune function and poor nutritional status;Secondly because the elderly have more complications such as chronic bronchitis,diabetes,bronchiectasis and tumor,and the clinical symptoms of tuberculosis and chest X-ray are not typical,the diagnosis and treatment are easy to delay;There are many tuberculosis retreatment patients of old people.The senile tuberculosis,with high fungus positive rate,is the important infection source;The sensitivity of PPD is low.Gender difference is bigger.On the basis of understanding the characteristics of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly,providing targeted prevention,treatment and care is crucial to effectively controlling the incidence of tuberculosis in the elderly,reducing the incidence of tuberculosis and improving the cure rate.