磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

Synthesis and properties of sulfonate Gemini surfactants

以硬脂酸、2-氯乙基磺酸钠、1,3-丙二胺为主要原料,经磺化、酰胺化等反应合成了一种磺酸盐型阴离子双子表面活性剂N,N'-双硬脂酰基-1,3-丙二胺二乙磺酸钠(简称DS18-3-18)。用FT-IR、1H-NMR对产物进行结构表征,考察了质量分数、剪切速率、温度对磺酸盐双子表面活性剂DS18-3-18溶液黏度的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了其微观结构。结果表明,DS18-3-18溶液质量分数越大,其增黏能力越强,DS18-3-18溶液质量分数为4%时经济性最高;增大剪切速率和升高温度,DS18-3-18双子表面活性剂溶液黏度均呈先下降后趋于稳定的状态,表现出较好的耐温抗剪切性能。对DS18-3-18进行微观结构观察发现,DS18-3-18在溶液中自组装形成非常浓密的层状胶束,且胶束之间相互缠结形成类似于网状结构,促进了溶液黏度的增大。

Using stearic acid,sodium 2-chloroethyl sulfonate and 1,3-propanediamine as main raw materials,a sulfonate-type anion gemini surfactant sodium N,N＇-bis-stearoyl 1,3-propanediamine sulfonate（DS18-3-18） is synthesized by sulfonation,amidation and other reactions. The structure of the product is characterized by FT-IR and1 H-NMR and its microstructure is observed through scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The effects of mass fraction,shear rate and temperature on the viscosity of DS18-3-18 solution are investigated. The results show that the higher the mass fraction of DS18-3-18 solution,the stronger the tackifying ability of it; The highest economic efficiency can be achieved when DS18-3-18 solution is 4%; Increasing either shear rate or temperature always cause the viscosity of DS18-3-18 to decline firstly and then tend to be stable,showing a good temperature shear resistance. The microstructure observation for DS18-3-18 reveals that DS18-3-18 can form very dense wormlike micelles in solution through assembling by itself and the micelles entangles with each other to form a net-like structure,which promotes the increase of solution viscosity.