江西省余干县农村老年人视力损伤的现况及影响因素调查

Prevalence status and influencing factors of visual impairment in the elderly people in rural areas of Yugan County, Jiangxi Province

目的了解江西省余干县农村老年人视力损伤的患病现况及其相关影响因素，为开展老年人防盲工作提供依据。方法横断面研究。采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，抽取余干县12个乡镇36个村委会老年人3789名，对其进行眼科检查和流行病学调查，运用Logistic回归分析探讨了影响视力损伤的影响因素。结果余干县3789名农村老年人中，男性1629名，女性2160名。≥60岁且〈70岁者1981名，≥70岁且〈80岁者1268名，≥80岁者540名。按日常生活视力标准，总视力损伤率24．1％（915名），其中眼盲患病率为2．9％（108名），中重度视力损伤率21．3％（807名）。导致视力损伤的前4位眼部疾病分别为白内障（283名，占30．9％）、屈光不正（81名，占8．9％）、黄斑变性（29名，占3．2％）、角膜混浊或瘢痕（14名，占1．5％）。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现年龄[比值比（OR=2．695）1、性别（OR=1.238）、文化程度（OR=O．781）、职业（OR=1．268）、婚姻状况（OR=1．281）、既往眼病史（OR=1．515）、吸烟状况（OR=O．765）、每日水果摄入量（OR=O．661）为视力损伤的影响因素（P〈0．05）。结论余干县农村老年人视力损伤患病率较高。保持良好的饮食习惯、及时矫正眼部疾病，可降低视力损伤的风险。

Objective To assess the prevalence of visual impairment and the influencing factors among rural residents aged 60 years and above in Yugan county, Jiangxi province. Researchers analyzed influencing factors and provided scientific rationale for blindness prevention and control. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used in randomly selecting 3 789 rural residents aged ≥60 in Yugan county. Eligible residents were invited to receive ophthalmic examinations and epidemiological investigations. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze any influencing factors. Results Three thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine rural residents completed the ophthalmic examination and investigation. Based on presenting visual acuity, the prevalence of visual impairment was 24.1%（915）, of which blindness and moderate and severe was 2.9%（108） and 21.3%（807）. The top five causes ranked are （1） cataract （283, 30.9%）, （2） Refractive error （81, 8.9%）, （3） macular degeneration （29, 3.2%）, （4） Corneal opacity （14, 1.5%）. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, ophthalmic anamnesis, smoking situation, and daily fruit intake were the main factors that were the influencing factors of visual impairment. Conclusions The prevalence of visual impairment in the elderly population in rural areas of Yugan County is quite high. Keep a healthy diet, timely correction of eye disease, could reduce the risk of visual impairment.