论《哈姆雷特》中良心的分量

The Role of Conscience in Hamlet

良心在《哈姆雷特》中有着举足轻重的分量。传统观点认为性格或外部障碍导致王子在复仇行动中的拖延,但这类解释因未考虑良心元素而无法自圆其说。莎翁对良心问题的透彻认识涵盖了当时这一概念的含义,他把良心纳入他对复杂人性的思考,在深层次的主体意识中揭示其作用。莎翁身处人的主体意识觉醒的早期现代,他让王子在复仇问题上深陷内外两种冲突之中,使该剧明显不同于古希腊悲剧。良心因人的思虑和痛苦而对行动产生影响,人因畏惧负罪而死之后将受到的惩罚而成为懦夫,莎翁通过对这类思虑和恐惧的赞美,传递出良心在人类社会中的价值。

Regarding Hamlet＇s procrastination in his revenge, the traditional views, either regarding his characters or the outer obstacles as the main causes,are not wholly convincing due to having not taken his conscience into consideration. Shakespeare revealed in Hamlet his deep insight into the nature of conscience, which not only contained the general meaning of this idea in his age but also distinguished this play from the Greek tragedies. As a playwright in the Early Modern world,Shakespeare made his Hamlet fully conscious of his own subjectivity by putting him in both external and internal conflicts.Through his moral scruples, his conscience affected his action, and made him a coward by the fear for the punishment after death. Through his praise of these related moral scruples and fear, Shakespeare showed us his belief in the single force of conscience which held the whole society together.