话语权力与主体重构:达菲诗歌的女性身体叙事探究

Discursive Power and Subject:Female Body Narrative in Carole Ann Duffy’s Poetry

卡罗尔·安·达菲的诗歌大多书写社会底层的生存境遇与诉求,其中女性身体与自我主体建构是诗人所关注的焦点之一。纵览诗人的诗歌创作历程,人们不难发现,诗人的目光始终没有脱离女性自我的物质构成——女性身体。她的女性身体叙事包含了两种叙事声音。一种来自＂裸女＂：底层女性对身体遭受宰制蹂躏、自我主体沦落境遇的诉求;另一种是来自＂女神＂：女性反转神话中传统的女性身体形象,对身体经验进行自我言说,以期对自我进行主体重构。因此,达菲的女性身体叙事具有性别、身份、社会、文化维度,折射的是女性话语与男性主流话语抗衡的性别、政治权力关系,是不断解构男性对女性身体形象话语霸权的过程。在此过程中,达菲建构出女性的身体话语体系,不仅实现了身体与自我的主体重构,还达到了女性精神性别的高度,构成了当代英国女性诗歌独特的文化景观。

The poetry by Carole Ann Duffy focuses its attention on the existential state of the ordinary people and their appeals against their predicaments,among which women＇s living conditions are the major concerns.Going through all her work, readers will find that the female body has occupied the central narrative position in her poetry. Her female body narratives articulate mainly two kinds of voice： one of ＂the female nude＂,telling of her own depressive existence as the object of man＇s desire; the other of ＂the Goddess＂,speaking about her own bodily experience as the speaking subject via which she aims to reconstruct her own subjectivity. Hence Duffy＇s female body narratives are endowed with gender,social and cultural dimensions, reflecting the discursive battling against the hegemony of the male dominant discourse. In the process of deconstruction of male power in this discursive arena,Duffy attempts to build up the female body narrative tradition at a higher female spiritual level which in a way forms the unique cultural vista in contemporary British women＇s poetry.