初产妇母乳喂养行为的影响因素及护理

Influencial factors and nursing for breastfeeding behaviors of primiparas

母乳喂养是目前被全世界所公认的保障婴儿健康生长发育最好的方式,WHO及联合国儿童基金会2000年倡导新生儿出生6个月内纯母乳喂养,且W HO在2012年提出纯母乳喂养率应达到50%的目标。目前全球母乳喂养整体水平较低,形势严峻。母亲的乳汁分泌、知识经验、喂养自我效能感及生理和心理因素,婴儿自身生理状况及社会因素等均会影响母乳喂养。运用健康宣教、延续性护理、赋能教育及行为认知干预等有效方法,可能提高母乳喂养率,促进母婴健康。

Breastfeeding is currently well-recognized as the best way to ensure the infants＇ healthy growth and development worldwide. The World Health Organization（WHO） and the United Nations Children＇s Fund（UNICEF） advocated in 2000 that the optimal way of feeding newborns within 6 months of birth is exclusive breastfeeding, and the WHO also proposed that the rate of exclusive breastfeeding should reach 50% in 2012. The current global status of breastfeeding is severe. The mothers＇ milk secretion, knowledge and experience, self-effecacy of breastfeeding and psychological factors, infants＇ physical status and social factors will affect breastfeeding. Health propaganda and education, continuity of care, empowerment education, and the intervention of breastfeeding behavior may help improve the breastfeeding rates and promote both the mothers＇ and infants＇ health.