胃癌的分子分型与精准治疗

Advances in molecular classification of gastric cancer and precise therapy

胃癌具有高度的异质性,准确分类是胃癌诊断、治疗和判定预后的必要条件。传统的组织病理学分型对临床工作的指导意义十分有限。近年来,随着分子生物组学和转录组学研究的发展,胃癌基因组特征、基因表达谱和蛋白质组学等有关信息被全面了解,从分子水平重新认识胃癌。现有的胃癌分子分型可归类为新加坡基因分型、癌症和肿瘤基因组谱(Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)和亚洲癌症基因组织(Asian Cancer Research Group,ACRG)等分型。然而,分子分型指导精准治疗在临床上的应用还很有限,实现分子分型的临床应用来实现胃癌的精准分子治疗是未来努力的方向,本文将对胃癌的分子分型与精准治疗研究进展作一综述。

Gastric cancer has high heterogeneity in every patient. Accurate classification is a requisite in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer. The traditional histopathologic classification is very limited in guiding the clinical therapy. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology and transcriptomics studies, the characteristics of gastric cancer genome, gene expression profiles and proteomics are fully understood, and gastric cancer is re-recognized at the molecular level. The current molecular classifications of gastric cancer include Singapore genotyping, Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA） genotyping and Asian Cancer Research Group（ACRG） genotyping. But the molecular classification in the clinical application is still very limited. So it is important to achieve the clinical application of molecular classification to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer in the future. In this paper, the latest molecular typing and precise therapy of gastric cancer are reviewed.