再论印度尼西亚“9·30运动”——历史旧案与现实政治

Review Indonesia's “9·30 Movement”——Historical Issue and Practical Politics

关于半个多世纪前印度尼西亚"9·30运动"的真相,至今还有许多谜团未解。1965年,时任印度尼西亚战略后备司令部司令苏哈托,以"发动武装叛乱,阴谋夺取国家政权"等罪名,宣布取缔印度尼西亚共产党,逮捕并枪杀印尼共产党所有领导人,并残暴杀害印尼共产党员及其追随者,制造了印度尼西亚共和国历史上骇人听闻的大屠杀惨案。苏哈托下台和去世后,印度尼西亚国内外的法律专家、人权组织和历史学者对这一事件展开了多方面的调查研究,但由于当事人和知情者多已过世,相关的历史档案已被销毁,这一努力至今没有获得实质性成果。2019年印尼总统大选在即,印度尼西亚一些右翼政党和伊斯兰教极端派势力制造"印尼共产党东山再起"等谣言,作为攻击佐科总统的手段。"9·30运动"与印尼共产党问题已成为右翼政党在2019年大选中的政治筹码。

There are still so many insoluble mysteries of Indonesia's"9·30 Movement"even it was suppressed by the Army long ago in 1965. General Soeharto,then head of the Army Strategic Reserve Command,announced to ban the Communist Party of Indonesia(PKI) with the charge of "launching armed rebellion to seize state power". Leaders of PKI were soon arrested and executed promptly,and thousands of Party members as well as followers were killed in a horrible massacre. Law workers and human rights organizations tried to re-investigate the issue,but as the key witness had died and lack of evidence,no clear conclusion was drawn until now. Some rightist politicians and extremist religious organizations claim that "the country is facing the threat of the revival of PKI",and that would be a counter of the presidential election in the coming year.