新型连锁遗传标记的法医学研究进展

Advances in studies on the new type of linkage genetic marker

将紧密连锁的两个或多个遗传标记视作一个整体,可得到一种新型连锁遗传标记,依据组成成分的不同,可以分为SNP-STR、微单倍型、Multi-InDel、DIP-STR等。此类标记具有多态性高、突变率低、扩增片段短等特点,可以作为主流遗传标记的有效补充,用于混合斑鉴定、族源推断、亲权鉴定、个体识别等。本文综述了连锁遗传标记的提出、筛选、命名、检测方法、应用等方面的研究进展,以期为法医学实践提供参考。

A new type of markers closely linked to each linkage genetic marker can be obtained by detecting two or more genetic other as a whole. They can be divided into SNP-STR, microhaplotype, Muhi-InDel and DIP-STR according to the differences of the composition. These markers are characterized by their high polymorphisms, low mutation rates and short amplification fragments, so they can be used as an effective supplement for current genetic markers in unbalanced DNA mixtures analysis, ancestry inference, paternity testing and individual identification. In this paper, we reviewed the research progresses of linkage genetic markers, including introduction, selection, naming, detection methods and applications, providing references for forensic practice.