古代西域及中亚地毯名称术语考证

On the Terminology for Carpets in Ancient Western Regions and Central Asia

本文收集整理了古代使用于中亚及中国西域地区的编织地毯的术语,主要有尼雅的佉卢文书、和田(于阗)文书、汉文文献记载,也包括梵语文及其同种语文、伊朗语系的新老波斯文和粟特文,以及突厥语文。论文分析阐明了尼雅佉卢文的两个地毯词汇ko ava和tavasta a同于阗文的gahāvara和thauracaih覿是同根词汇,相近的词汇在印度语系和伊朗语系都有诸多的例子。本文还认为汉文的罽、氍毹、毾、毯、缂等为外来语,并同上述两组词汇紧密相关。

This study gathers and analyzes the terminology for carpets used by ancient peoples of Central Asia and the Chinese Western Regions, collecting words as they appear in historical documents written in Kharosthi of Niya, Khotanese, Chinese, Sanskrit and its sub-languages, Old and New Persian of Iran, Sogdian, and Turkic. This paper demonstrates that kojava and tavastaga in Kharosthi, and gahāvara and thauracaiha in Khotanese share the same root and can be further traced to both the Indian and Iranian languages. The Chinese terms of ji, qushu, tadeng, tan, and ke are loanwords related to the two abovementioned groups.