制度与非制度关系研究——新政治人类学本源探索

Study on Relation between Institution and Non-Institution——The Essence Exploration of Neo-Political Anthropology

通常意义上,人类学家将1940年《非洲的政治制度》一书的出版作为政治人类学诞生的标志,但事实上人类学与权力的交集从原始社会开始就有迹可循。要追溯人类学与权力的渊源,离不开对"制度"的探讨,这里提到的"制度"延伸了传统意义上的"制度"的概念,它囊括了现实社会中人的行动所依据的行为准则与法律规定的具体化的"制度",又涵盖了那些由历史沿袭下来的未形成法律条文的"非制度"的风俗民约。本文将以此为切入点,试图探索新政治人类学下制度研究的本源。随着理论的不断丰富,新政治人类学作为一个独立的学科也实现了长足的发展。在新时代,新政治人类学肩负着实现人自由和个性发展的个人价值取向以及追求善治的政治抱负的双重目标。

In general, African Political Systems was regarded as the birth of political anthropology. Actually, the intersection between anthropology and power can be traced from primitive society. Seeking the origin of power depends on the discovery of ＂institution＂, which includes both of institution （written systems like law） and non-institution （unwritten systems such as customs, conventions）. From this perspective, this paper tries to explore the source of the origin of neo-political anthropology. Till now theories are developing, and in the new stage, neo political anthropology will burden double duty of independent personality and the pursuit of good governance.