“气质之性”在明代的转变与发展

The Transformation and Development of “Human Nature” in Ming Dynasty

在朱子哲学中存在着一个深层的两难问题,即至善之天理何以开出恶浊之气,这源于朱熹没有对形下之气质和形上之性作出严格的区分。后来诸儒如王阳明及其后学、东林学者以及心学殿军刘蕺山等,都从不同的角度试图解决这一两难问题。"气质之性"在明代儒学中逐渐演化为"性气合一"的一元人性论,并推动了明末清初实学思潮的发展。

In Zhu Xi＇s philosophical ideas, there is a dilemma that the truth of goodness can bring out the filthy humanity. The main reason for it is that Zhu Xi did not distinguish the humanity in physical level and the nature in metaphysical level. This dilemma attraeted many scholars＇ attentions such as Wang Yangming and his students, Donglin School and Liu Jishan and they attempted to solve it from different perspectives. Then, ＂human nature＂ in Ming Dynasty trans-formed into the monism of humanity referring to ＂unity between humanity and nature＂, which promotes the development of practical idea in late Ming and early Qing dynasties.