口蹄疫亚单位疫苗真核表达系统简述

Review on eukaryotic expression system of foot-and-mouth subunit vaccine

目前,防治口蹄疫最有效的方式是接种灭活疫苗,但该疫苗免疫周期短,且存在一定安全隐患,生产和研制新型口蹄疫疫苗尤显重要。亚单位疫苗是利用基因工程技术生产保护性抗原来诱导机体产生免疫反应,由于不含病毒DNA,不会使动物发病,安全性极高,具有良好的应用前景。研制亚单位疫苗,首先要构建携带编码目的蛋白基因的表达载体,然后将构建好的载体导入合适的宿主细胞来表达,需要一个由表达载体和宿主细胞组成的完整表达系统。目前所用表达系统主要有原核系统以及酵母、昆虫细胞、哺乳动物细胞、植物生物反应器等真核系统,其中真核表达系统具有翻译后的加工修饰体系,表达的外源蛋白更接近于天然蛋白质而被广泛应用。本文就常用表达FMDV结构蛋白和非结构蛋白的真核表达系统、FMD亚单位疫苗研究进展进行综述。

Foot and mouth disease（FMD）is an acute,febrile and highly contagious disease affecting cloven hoofed animals. It is one of the most serious diseases endangering animal husbandry industry because of its widely prevalence,fast speed of spread and high efficiency of infection. Since the most effective way to prevent and control FMD is FMD inactivated vaccination,because of its short immunization cycle and potential safety hazard,it is very important to manufacture and research new FMD vaccine.Genetic engineering subunit vaccine（GESV）is protective antigen produced via genetic engineering means. Because there is no viral DNA in it,GESV does not breed disease,thus have a good application prospect with the improved safety. To develop GESV,we must first construct an expression vector to carry the gene encoding target protein,then implant the constructed vector into the appropriate host cell to express,which requires a complete expression system consisting of an expression vector and a host cell. At present,there are expression systems including prokaryotic systems and eukaryotic systems of yeast,baculovirus,mammalian cell and plant bioreactors. Expressed exogenous proteins are more closely related to natural proteins because the eukaryotic expression systems can be attributed to their capability of performing many posttranslational modifications,therefore it be used widely. In this paper,the authors review the eukaryotic expression systems for expressing FMDV structural and nonstructural proteins,and the progression of developing FMD GESV to provide reference for the development of the FMD vaccines with high security and efficiency.