社会适应的动态性与情感体验的双重性——基于上海市老漂族的质性研究

The Dynamic of Social Adaptation and the Duality of Emotional Experience——A Qualitative Study on “Old Drifters” in Shanghai

基于对20名上海市老漂族的访谈和观察,深入分析老漂族的社会适应过程及其情感体验。研究发现,老漂族的社会适应过程具有动态性特征,其适应程度逐渐加深,依次经历了初入社区的不适应阶段、人际关系和生活习惯等行为适应阶段和观念上的文化适应阶段。同时,老漂族经历着消极和积极两种情感体验。"保姆型老漂"经历着照料孙辈的劳累、家庭矛盾的烦恼以及缺乏沟通的落寞,同时也会享受到家庭团聚、子女孝顺、实现自身价值的快乐;"受养型老漂"在享清福中产生自我否定的情绪,继而积极寻求提高自我认同感的新途径。老漂族的适应过程和情感体验存在差异,这主要受到老漂族自身的性别、性格等内在因素以及家庭、社区和政府提供的社会支持等外在因素的共同影响。

Based on interviews and observations of twenty old drifters in Shanghai, this paper analyzed the social adaptation process and emotional experience of this group of people. Results show that old drifters are becoming more and more adapted, which can be demonstrated in three stages： not adapted upon arrival; more adapted to interpersonal relationships, local habits and customs; adapted culturally. At the same time, old drifters have both negative and positive emotions.Those old drifters who come to look after their grandchildren may be fatigued, feel lonely for lack of communication and may be upset by family conflicts, but may also enjoy their children＇s filial piety, the happiness of an extended family living together and the feeling of realizing their own value. Those who nursed by their children may develop a sense of self-denial, and therefore want to find ways to improve their self-identity. These differences are influenced both by internal factors（gender, personality, etc.）and external factors（social supports provided by families, communities and the government）.