十枣汤研究进展

Research Progress of Shizaotang

十枣汤始载于《伤寒杂病论》，由芫花（熬），甘遂，大戟和大枣（擘）4味药材组成，是名医张仲景治疗水结悬饮证的经典方剂。十枣汤虽然在泻水逐饮方面效果显著，但组方中有毒药味的毒性制约了其临床应用，医者多谨慎使用或不用。本文通过查阅近30年国内外相关文献资料，从名医方论、用法用量、化学成分、药理毒理、临床应用等方面对十枣汤的研究进展进行综述，提出为有效开发利用十枣汤这一经典方剂，应综合运用现代科学研究手段对十枣汤毒效物质基础、量一时一毒一效关系、安全用药范围等进行研究，探讨炮制对其药理毒理作用的影响，揭示其临床应用“有故无殒”的科学内涵，以期为十枣汤的深入开发利用提供依据，从而更好地为临床服务。

Shizaotang is contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases. It is composed of four medicinal materials of Genkwa Fols （boiled）, Kansui Radix, Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Jujubae Fructus and is a classic prescription for treatment of water knot suspending fluid syndrome by ZHANG Zhong-jing. Although Shizaotang has significant effect in removing water retention by purgation, but toxicity of toxic drugs in the prescriptions restricts its clinical application, the doctors use carefully or do not use them. This review summarizes the research progress of Shizaotang from the aspects of famous doctor theory, usage and dosage, chemical composition, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical application and so on through reviewing the relevant literatures at home and abroad in past 30 years. In order to effectively develop and use Shizaotang, we should be comprehensive use of modern scientific research methods to study on its toxic material basis, amount-time-toxicity- effect relationship, scope of safe drug etc; and to explore the effect of processing on its pharmacological and toxicological effects, to reveal its scientific connotation of Yougu Wuyun in clinical practice.