不同动物大肠癌造模方法的研究进展

Research Progress on Different Animal Models for Colorectal Carcinoma

大肠癌是目前临床上最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一，迄今全球的发病率仍在持续上升并趋于年轻化，因此临床上迫切需要提高大肠癌诊断的灵敏性，充分了解大肠癌的病因和发病机制，寻求有效的治疗和预防措施。大肠癌动物模型能有效地模拟大肠癌发生、发展和转归，是研究发病和转移机制的重要方式之一，用于简化实验步骤和探究实验机制。已有大量的研究表明，在不同遗传背景的动物上进行大肠癌的复制，并在人为控制条件下进行各种实验研究，有利于缩短实验周期，观察大肠癌发生、发展和转化的全过程。目前实验中常用4-6周龄的裸鼠、小鼠、大鼠做为模式生物。斑马鱼肿瘤和人类肿瘤在组织学水平上具有高度相似性，随着显微技术的发展，斑马鱼作为模式生物在肿瘤学的研究中逐渐兴起。不同模式生物的生物特性不同，选择的造模方法也存在差异。根据实验目的、实验周期、实验技术等因素，选择合适的模式生物和对应的造模方法是大肠癌实验成功的关键。近年来，有关大肠癌模型的研究成果不断涌现，但多以造模方法为分类依据，缺乏对不同类别的造模动物的探讨。本文结合国内外相关文献，对近10年不同动物大肠癌造模方法的研究进展做一综述，以把握发展动向，为大肠癌进一步的研究发展提供思路与方法。

Colorectal carcinoma is currently one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, so far, the global incidence is still rising and the patients tend to be younger. As a result, it＇s urgent in clinical practice to improve the sensitivity of colorectal carcinoma diagnosis, fully understand the etiology and pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma, and seek for effective treatment and preventative measures. Animal models for colorectal carcinoma can validly simulate the occurrence, development and outcome of colorectal carcinoma, which can be used as one of the most important methods to explore pathogenesis and mechanism of metastasis and simplify the experimental steps and explore the mechanism. Many researches have shown that, the replication of colorectal carcinoma in animals with different genetic backgrounds and the various experimental studies under the artificial control condition are conducive to shortening the experimental periods and observing the whole process of colorectal carcinoma： occurrence, development and outcome. At present, nude mice, mice and rats in the age of 4-6 weeks are often used as model animals. Tumors of zebrafish and human have a high degree of similarity at the histological level. With the development of microsurgery, zebrafish is gradually emerging as a model in the study of oncology. Asdifferent model organisms have various biological characteristics, their modeling methods are also different. According to the experimental objectives, periods and techniques, appropriate model organisms and corresponding modeling methods are the key to the success of colorectal carcinoma experiments. Recently, researches about colorectal carcinoma models are constantly springing up, however, the classification is based on modeling methods in most of researches, lacking the exploration of different types of model animals. On the basis of the combination of literature both at home and abroad, this paper provides a review on the nearest decade research progress of different animal models for colorectal carcinoma, and proposes some references for further studies on colorectal carcinoma.