南京市老年人群睡眠障碍流行病学调查及危险因素分析

Epidemiological survey and risk factors of sleep disorders in the elderly population in Nanjing

目的探讨南京市部分地区老年人睡眠状况的流行病学特点,并分析其相关影响因素。方法选取江苏省省级机关医院健康管理中心参加体检的≥60岁老年人602例,采用老年综合评估问卷以及阿森斯失眠量表对老年人人口学特征及睡眠情况进行调查。结果 602例老年人平均睡眠时间为(6.97±1.38)h,睡眠时间≤6 h者共167例(27.7%),92例(15.3%)有睡眠障碍。无睡眠障碍、可疑失眠和失眠3组间年龄、性别、家庭经济状况、饮酒、超重或肥胖、冠心病史及胃溃疡疾病史等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。睡眠障碍评估得分随年龄增加而增加,女性睡眠障碍比例随着年龄增加呈上升趋势。多因素回归分析结果显示,女性、既往有冠心病史、脑梗死史者发生失眠的风险分别为男性、无冠心病史、无脑梗死史者的2.46、2.36、2.59倍(P<0.05);而相较于体质量指数(BMI)正常者,肥胖是失眠的保护性因素。结论南京市部分地区老年人睡眠状况不佳,应注重老年人BMI、躯体疾病对睡眠的影响,尤其是在女性老年人中。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of sleep quality in the elderly in some areas of Nanjing,and to analyze the influencing factors of sleep disorder. Methods A total of 602 elderly people aged 60 years and over participating the physical examination of the health management center Jiangsu Province Official Hospital were selected. The demographic characteristics,sleep status and laboratory indexes of the elderly were investigated by the Elderly Comprehensive Assessment Questionnaire and the Arsenal Insomnia Scale. Results Among the 602 elderly people,the mean sleep time was 6. 97±1. 38 h,there were 167（27. 7%） cases with less than 6 h of sleep time,and92（15. 3%） had sleep disorders. Age,sex,family economic status,drinking,overweight or obesity,previous coronary heart disease and gastric ulcer disease were statistically significant in without sleep disorders group,suspicious insomnia group and insomnia group（P〈0. 05）. The scores of sleep disorders were increased with age,and the proportion of sleep disorders was increased with age in female.Multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk factors of insomnia were women,history of coronary heart disease and history of cerebral infarction（P 〈0. 05）,and compared with normal body mass index（BMI）,obesity was the protective factor of insomnia. Conclusions In some areas of Nanjing,the elderly have poor sleep conditions,we should pay attention to BMI,physical illness on sleep,especially in the elderly women.