儒家德育的普世品质与实践模式

Universal Quality and Practice Patterns of Confucian Moral Education

儒家德育实践分为伦理化的实践与政治化的实践。儒家德育的伦理化实践发挥着和世界宗教传统同样的处世育人功能,而儒家德育的政治化实践在东方模式的古代封建体制中真实地存在过。儒家德育实践具有面向国际的普世品质。具有普世品质的儒家德育在国际上有三种典型的实践模式:一是越南的东方模式,这种模式以礼文社会丰富越南民族精神与政治实践;二是新加坡的中西合并模式,这种模式在伦理实践中,通过《儒家伦理》与《弟子规》教育,促进"新加坡人"的塑造与"物质主义"困境的解救;三是欧美的西方模式,这种模式首先在学术研究上完成了由东亚实践研究向欧美实践研究的转变,继而在德育实践上建构起合自我与社会于一体的自我实现及情智双修的德育模式。越南实践可观照儒家德育实践自身,新加坡实践可显现儒家德育实践的现代化,而欧美实践则可拓宽儒家德育实践的视野,三者共同启发并展示着儒家德育实践的未来。

The practice of Confucian moral education includes ethical practice and political practice. The ethical practice of Confucian moral education plays the same function as great religious traditions in the world, while the political practice of Confucian moral education did exist in Eastern feudal system, therefore, Confucian moral education is international and universal. The Confucian moral education with universal quality has three typical practice patterns in the world： one is the Eastern-pattern practice of Vietnam to civilize the society, enrich national spirit and political practice, the other is East-West integration pattern of Singapore to help shape ＂Singaporeans＂ and get them out of the predicament of materialism through the study of Confucian Ethics and Disciples Rules （Di Zi Gui）,the third is the Western pattern which shifts from East Asian practice to the practice of Europe and the United States in academic research, and in moral education emphasizes self-actualization （based on the unity of individuals and society） and the construction of the moral education mode which attaches equal importance to cultivation of EQ and IQ. The Vietnamese practice offers us new perspective in Confucian moral education, the Singaporean practice provides inspiration for the modernization of Confucian moral education, and European and American practice broadens our horizon in Confucian moral education, and the three patterns together have important implications for the development of Confucian moral education.