绿色含氮多功能润滑油添加剂的合成、表征及其润滑性能

Synthesis, Characterization and Lubricating Properties of Green Nitrogen-containing Multifunctional Lubricant Additives

以价廉易得的苯并三氮唑、丁二醇、哌嗪作为中心,连接酰胺、酯基、黄原酸酯和长链烷基等基团,合成了4种含氮多功能润滑油添加剂（Ⅰ~Ⅳ）,并采用1HNMR、MALDI-TOF-MS和FTIR表征了其分子结构。考察了4种添加剂的热稳定性及在液体石蜡（LP）中的溶解性和铜片腐蚀性;在四球摩擦试验机上考察了其摩擦学性能;用SEM和EDS测试和分析了钢球磨斑的表面形貌和元素组成,并初步探讨了其摩擦作用机理。结果表明：4种添加剂具有优良的热稳定性、油溶性、抗腐蚀性能和摩擦学性能;添加质量分数1.0%Ⅰ油样的最大无卡咬负荷（PB）比液体石蜡高61%,烧结负荷（PD）是液体石蜡的2倍;添加质量分数1.0%Ⅳ油样的钢球磨斑直径（WSD）比液体石蜡降低了43%;添加剂在摩擦过程中参与了摩擦化学反应,形成了复杂的反应膜。

Four nitrogen-containing multifunctional lubricant additives, named as Ⅰ- Ⅳ, featuring benzotriazole, butanediol and piperazine as center, and amide, ester, xanthate and long chain alkyl as wings, were efficiently synthesized. Their molecular structures were characterized by 1 HNMR, MALDI-TOF-MS and FTIR. The thermal stability, solubility in liquid paraffin（LP） and corrosion resistance of four additives were studied. The tribological properties were systematically investigated on a four-ball machine. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the worn scars of the tested steel balls were characterized and analyzed by SEM and EDS. The action mechanism was also discussed. The results indicated that these additives possessed excellent thermal stability, oil solubility, corrosion resistance and tribological properties. The maximum non-seizure load（PB value） of oil sample with 1.0% Ⅰ（mass fraction, the same below） was 61% higher than that of liquid paraffin, and the sintered load（PD value） was twice as large as liquid paraffin. The wear scar diameter（WSD） of oil sample with 1.0% Ⅳ was reduced by 43% compared with that of liquid paraffin. The additive participated in tribo-chemical reaction during the friction process, in which formed a complex reaction membrane.