论医疗技术过失的判断标准及原则——兼评《最高人民法院关于审理医疗损害责任 纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十六条

On the Standards and Principles of Medical Technical Malpractice:Article 16 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Law in Case of Liability for Medical Damage

由于医疗技术的复杂性和专业性,《侵权责任法》第五十七条和第五十八条第一款的规定无法应对医疗技术过失的判断,实践中存在过度依赖医疗技术鉴定的情况。《最高人民法院关于审理医疗损害责任纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十六条列明了医疗技术过失判断中需要考虑的因素,一方面,部分缓解了对医疗技术鉴定的依赖,另一方面,也封闭了医疗技术过失判断因素的可能性。美国法中的最佳判断法则、尊重少数学派法则、判断风险法则和医疗成本与防御性法则,或可为我国医疗技术过失的判断标准提供一定的借鉴。

Because of the complexity and professionalism of medical technology,the article 57 and the article 58 of Tort Law cannot cope with the judgment of medical technical malpractice.In practice,it is often dependent on medical technology identification.In order to alleviate this situation,the article 16 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People＇s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Law in Case of Liability for Medical Damage enumerates some factors that should be considered in the judgment of medical technical.On the one hand,these factors relieve the reliance on the technical appraisal of medical malpractice,and on the other hand,it closes the possibility of malpractice factor in medical technology.The principles of common law,such as the rules of best judgment,the rules of respect for minority school of thought rules,the rules of judging the risk and the medical cost and defensive laws,may provide some reference for the judgment standard of medical technical malpractice in China.