西医在哈尔滨地区的传播

The Spread of Western Medicine in Harbin Area

作为近现代城市的哈尔滨中心城区仅有百年历史,相对于中国南方一些沿海城市西医学传入该地区的时间略晚,但其传播和发展十分迅速。西医在该地区传播主要有三个途径:以传教士为主的欧美教会医院;俄国和日本在哈尔滨开展的殖民医学萌芽;1910年鼠疫在北方爆发,清政府选用西医防疫,促进了该地区公共卫生体系的建立。对西医在中国北方哈尔滨地区的传播途径和特点进行梳理,充实西医学早期在中国传播的史学研究,以此挖掘可借鉴的经验。

As a modern city,Harbin downtown only has been established for about 100 years.Western medicine was introduced to northern China later than several coastal cities in southern China,but its spread and development were very rapid.Western medicine spread in the region mainly in three ways：the European and American church hospitals dominated by missionary;the sprout of colonial medicine in Harbin by Russia and Japan;the outbreak of plague in the north in 1910,the Qing government adopted western medicine to prevent epidemics and promoted the establishment of a public health system in the region.This paper intends to present the route and characteristics of the spread of western medicine in Harbin area,and thus to enrich the historical research on the early spread of western medicine in China and explore the experience.