施钾对西洋参钾素含量与积累的影响

Effects of Potassium Application on Potassium Content and Accumulation in Panax quinquefolium L.

钾是西洋参生长发育的必需元素之一,对其产量、品质有重要作用。本次大田试验以2年生西洋参为材料,研究不同施钾量对土壤速效钾含量、西洋参各营养器官钾素含量、根中钾素积累量变化的影响。试验设计了4个钾处理水平,每个处理水平的施钾(K2O)量分别为0kg/hm2(K0)、100kg/hm2(K1)、200kg/hm2(K2)、400kg/hm2(K3),每个处理3次重复。结果表明:不同施钾量的土壤速效钾含量随时间表现出不同的趋势,总体来看,K0、K1为下降趋势,K2保持基本不变,K3略有增加。随着西洋参生长发育进程的推进,不同处理组西洋参中各营养器官中钾素含量在不同施钾量时呈现基本一致的变化趋势,根中钾素含量都呈S型曲线增长;茎中钾素含量都呈先升高后降低的趋势,9月份最高;叶中钾素含量都呈逐渐降低趋势。根和叶中钾素含量10月份时K2高于其他处理,且K2有利于西洋参果中钾素的转入。西洋参根中钾素积累量施钾处理显著高于不施钾处理(P<0.05),其中K2根中钾素积累量在取样期间一直在增加且处于较高水平。综上,K2施钾量既没有造成土壤钾素消耗又及时满足植物体吸收,为本试验条件下西洋参最佳钾肥施用量。

Potassium is one of the essential elements for the growth and development of Panax quinquefoliumL., which plays an import- ant role in its yield and quality formation.The field experiment with two years old ginseng as the material under different fertilizer amount, the content of available potassium in soil, potassium content in vegetative organs and potassium accumulation in root was studied. 4 po- tassium treatment levels were designed and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The potassium application （K20） of each treatment level was 0 kg/hm2 （K0）, 100 kg/hm2（K1）, 200 kg/hm2（K2） and 400 kg/hm2 （K3） respectively.The results showed：In the different amount of potassium, soil available potassium content with the time showed different trends, K0 and K1 were declining, K2 remained basically un- changed, and K3 increased slightly.With the growth of P.quinquefolium,the potassium content in vegetative organs in different amount of potassium showed a consistent trend, the root potassium content showed a growth curve of S, the content of potassium in stems incre- ased and then decreased, the potassium content was highest in September, leaf potassium content showed a decreasing trend, the content of potassium in root and leaf of K2 was higher than other treatments at October and K2 was beneficial to the transfer of potassium in the fruit. Potassium accumulation in roots with K application was significantly higher than without K application（P 〈 0.05）, the accumula-tion of potassium in the roots of K2 was increasing and at a high level during the sampling period. In summary K2 did not cause soil po- tassium consumption andmeet the absorptionofthe P.quinquefolium in time, K2 was the best application amount of potassium fertilizer.