欧文·戈夫曼的设特兰岛研究

Erving Goffman's Research of Shetland Isles

欧文·戈夫曼关于设特兰岛的民族志研究采取了与当时芝加哥社会学派热衷的城市研究完全不同的路径。这是一项关于孤岛社区的谈话互动研究,戈夫曼视之为社会秩序的一种类型,由此他提出关于社会秩序的基本模型,并用以解释具体的互动行为。戈夫曼的田野调查的意图是为了研究岛民在与他人进行社会互动时遵循的行为规到,进而分析面对面互动的实践类型。他的兴趣并不在于设特兰岛社区这一特定的民族志田野点,而是在于互动实践的普遍特征。戈夫曼认为微观人际互动不仅充斥着博弈与算计,它还包含仪式和道德。设特兰岛研究为戈夫曼奠定了深厚的学术根基,在此基础上完成的博士论文几乎囊括了他毕生的研究主题,诸如博弈、谈话、仪式、自我和互动秩序等。

Erving GCoffman＇s ethnographical research of Shetland Isles is quite different from Chicago School＇s urban studies. This is a research of conversational interaction, which treated as a species of social order. Based on this, Goffman proposed his model of social order, and to explain concrete interactional behaviors. Goffman ＇s purpose of fieldwork is to study the rules of conducts, which followed by islanders and others during the social interactions, and proceed to analysis practices categories of face-to-face interaction. Goffman＇ s interest is not the specific location of fieldwork, in this case,Shetland community, but the general characteristics of interactional practices. Goffman believed that micro interpersonal interaction filled with game and calculation, but also ritual and morality. The research of Shetland laid a solid foundation for Goffman＇s later academic career, on the basis of this study, Goffman finished his doctoral dissertation, which including almost all of his research topics, such as game, conversation, ritual, self and interaction order, and so on.