由“私域”走向“公共”:近代留美中国学生的历史选择——以留美中国学生联合会为例

From “Private Sphere”to“Autonomous Public Sphere”:The Historical Choice for the American-educated Chinese Students——Taking the Chinese Students' Alliance in the US as a Case

20世纪初,由在美中国学生集聚成立的留美中国学生联合会,是近代中国留学生在异邦所组成的最具有影响力及号召力的社团。这一学生联合会是留美中国学生进行自我组织、自我管理的一个域外学生社团,在这一社团中,年轻的留美学生得以初步构建起一个开放的公共领域,并在这一领域中进行相互沟通。从留美学生公共领域成立的推动力来看,主要是由两股力量构成:一是外部的推动力,由美国社团文化对中国留美学生的影响所致;另一方面则是学生群体凝聚的内驱力,主要是留美中国学生结社的联合意识所驱动。在美留学生从"私域"逐渐走向"公共"的历史进程中,体现出彼时留美中国学生群体中一种难得的公众精神的确立,也反映出近代留美学生通过学生活动空间组织实现对"求同进化,以竞生存"的追求,无疑具有极大的历史价值。

The Chinese Students＇ Alliance in the US,organized by the Chinese students of the United States,is the representative of the most influential and appealing community. This student alliance is a student association organized and managed by the Chinese students in the United States,in which young Chinese students studying in the US have been able to build an open public sphere and communicate with each other in this open public field. From the impetus of the establishment of the public field,it is mainly composed of two forces： one is the external impetus,which is mainly due to the influence of American community culture on the Chinese students. On the other hand,the internal drive of the cohesion of the student group,mainly the joint consciousness of the Chinese students studying in the US. This kind of historical process of moving from＂private sphere＂to＂autonomous public sphere＂,advocated by the Chinese students in the US,reflects the establishment of a valuable public spirit among the Chinese students in the US. It also reflects that the Chinese students＇ pursuit of ＂seeking common development and competing for existence ＂ through student activity space organizations in modern America,which undoubtedly has great historical values.