上海与南通:中国早期博物馆发展史上的双城记

Shanghai and Nantong: A tale of two cites in the history of development of early Chinese museums

追溯晚清民初中国早期博物馆的诞生、发展,上海与南通同样赫然醒目、彪炳史册,其关联构成了一部独特的"双城记"。从地缘(交通)、人缘(交往)入手,对震旦博物院、上海博物院(即皇家亚洲文会北中国支会博物院)和南通博物苑展开分析,涉及四个层面的内容:博物馆实体在中国的出现、博物学在早期博物馆实践中的作用和意义、以张謇为重点考察有识之士对博物馆的呼唤和倡议、早期博物馆的发展取向与中国现代化进程的内在关联。

Looking back at the establishment and development of early Chinese museums in the late Qing and early Republican era, we will discover that Shanghai and Nantong are equally grandiose and glorious in the history. The status and connection of the two cities constitute unique ＂A Tale of Two Cities＂. The author starts from their geography （transportation） and connections （personnel exchanges）, to analyze Museum Heude, Shanghai Museum （also known as Museum of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society） and Nantong Museum. This paper involves the following four aspects： the emergence of museum entitles, the role and significance of museology in the practice of early Chinese museums, the call and proposal of insightful Chinese people for establishing museums basing the exploration on ZHANG Jian, the internal connection between the direction of development of early Chinese museums and the modernization process of the country.