都市政治经济学视野中的城市问题

City Problems in the View of Urban Political Economy

资本主义自诞生以来一直在飞速发展,同时其内在的固有矛盾也如影相随。资本主义自身一直在寻找各种方法缓解与克服这种内在的矛盾。从罗斯福新政到福特主义、凯恩斯主义,不断地自我调整。进入1970年之后,找到了新的途径——城市空间生产,这一途径确实非常有效地缓解了资本主义的根本矛盾,但同时自身也有其局限性,造成了人与城市的异化,积累了很多问题。如人的精神困境、城市空间正义缺失、生态环境恶化等,这些问题很可能引发新的危机。当代西方马克思主义学者认为,解决当代的困境与危机、反抗资本主义的革命焦点是城市空间的控制权即"城市权利"。超越资本主义未来的理想社会形态将完成于城市,因此城市应当以不同于资本逻辑的新价值观来建设。

Capitalism has been developing rapidly since its birth,and its inherent contradictions have followed. Capitalism has been looking for ways to alleviate and overcome its inherent contradictions,from Roosevelt's New Deal,Fordism,and Keynesianism,constantly adjusting itself. After 1970,capitalism found a new way,which is urban space production. This approach has indeed effectively alleviated the fundamental contradiction of capitalism; at the same time,it has its own limitations,which has caused alienation between people and city,and has accumulated many problems,such as the spiritual dilemma of people,the lack of urban spatial justice,and the deterioration of the ecological environment etc. These problems are likely to trigger new crises. Contemporary Western Marxist scholars believe that the focus of revolutionizing contemporary dilemmas and crises and rebelling against capitalism is the power to control urban space,which emphasizes "city rights". The future ideal social form that transcends capitalism will be completed in the city,so the construction of the city should follow new values different from the logic of capital.