商业性下新闻舆论监督的失范及其法治路径

The Anomie of News Public Opinion Supervision under Commercial Circumstances and its Rule of Law

新闻传播范式的转变让新闻机构及记者的身份和行为逻辑发生转变。新闻的客观真实性和公共性是新闻舆论监督良好运行的基础。但在商业利益的诱导下，新闻无法为异质性的群体分享共同经验，无法提供自由讨论的公共领域，新闻的客观性与公共性受到挑战。新闻媒体片面报道、虚构事实让公众无法形成全面的认识和表达，新闻设置议程与“再封建化”阻碍了观点的自由交流和表达。不完善的公共表达机制形成片面的新闻舆论监督，并影响权威决策的有效性，引发更多的社会问题。针对新闻媒体的失范现状，良好的职业伦理与道德尚未建立，而传统的权威控制又逐渐失灵。需要采取多元的法律手段，建立调节商业资本与新闻真实、公民表达权冲突的制度规范。

The change of news communication paradigm has changed the identity and behavior logic of news organizations and journalists. Peopl objective authenticity and publicity of news media as the basis for the e regard good operation of news public opinion supervision. However, under the commercial circumstance, the news media cannot provide the common experience for heterogeneous population or provide a freedom public sphere. The objectivity and publicity of the news is challenged by public. The public cannot form a comprehensive understanding and expression because of one-sided reporting and fabricating facts. Setting agenda and ＂ re-feudalization＂ hinder the free exchange of views and expressions. Imperfect public expression mechanism results in biased news media supervision and ineffective decision-making and the action. We can realize that, under the situation of the anomie of news public opinion supervision, not only good professional ethics have not yet been established, but also the traditional authority control has gradually failed. We need to take diverse legal means to establish a regulatory system for regulating the conflict between news realities, citizens＇ rights and commercial capital.