广州应急避难场所资源空间格局评价和优化

Spatial Pattern and Optimization of Emergency Shelter in Guangzhou

利用GIS对广州市公园绿地、学校和体育场馆3种应急避难场所资源进行点状缓冲区分析,同时对主要交通干线做线性缓冲区分析,综合评价广州市应急避难场所空间格局。结果表明:公园绿地型应急避难场所资源最多,但由于重叠率过高导致难以覆盖全市;学校型应急避难场所3 000 m缓冲区面积占全市51%,是最重要固定型和紧急型避难场所;体育场馆型避难场所相对比较欠缺。广州市应急避难场所交通区位相对较好,70%应急避场所资源都分布在主要道路500 m缓冲区内,95%以上在1 500 m缓冲区范围内。最后从人口分布、可达性、土地利用和经济发展程度4个角度总结了广州市应急避难场所空间分布的形成机制,提出了改造完善区、补充提升区、配套建设区和集中配置区4种规划策略分区,完善广州市应急避难场所空间体系。

This paper analyzes the spatial pattern of emergency shelter in Guangzhou from spot buffer（park green space,school,stadium） and linear buffer（main road）.The results show that the park green spaces are the largest area of emergency shelter resources,but it is difficult to cover the whole city due to the overlap rate; the buffer area in 3 000 m of school-type is accounted for 51% of the city and it is the most important fixed and central emergency shelter; gymnasium type is relatively lacking.Traffic location of Guangzhou emergency shelter is relatively good,and 70% are located in 500 m buffer zone of the main road,more than 95% are within the 1 500 m buffer zone.Finally,this study summarized the formation mechanism from population distribution,accessibility,land use and economic development.Meanwhile,four kinds of planning strategies,such as improving and perfecting area,supplementing and promotion area,supporting construction area and centralized allocation area are proposed.The plan strategic zoning could improve the spatial system of Guangzhou emergency shelter.