先秦诸子比喻与现代汉语成语

Pre-qin Scholars Metaphor and Idioms

先秦诸子散文形成了大量的成语,一直流传至今。先秦诸子的比喻是众多成语的来源之一。先秦诸子运用比喻而形成成语的方式主要有照搬型、抽取型、概括型三种类型,其下有若干下位类型。按照比喻结构要素的特点,由先秦诸子比喻形成的成语从结构上可分为明喻类、暗喻类和借喻类三大类别。先秦诸子运用比喻形成成语的这种方式,对后世中国成语的形成也有重要影响。

Pre-qin scholars prose formed a large number of idioms. The widespread application of pre-qin scholars metaphor is the source of these idioms that constitute a feature of the Chinese language. From the two aspects of form and structure characteristics, this paper discusses the use of pre-qin scholars metaphor and the idioms. The formation types of the metaphor idioms are copied, extraction, summarized. According to the structure of metaphor elements, the structure of metaphor idioms can be divided into simile, metaphor and me- tonymy. This way that formed idioms has important effect on the formation of Chinese idioms in the later gener-ations.