大型地铁车站火灾预警机制及疏散救援模式

Fire Warning Mechanism and Evacuation Mode Rescue for Large Metro Stations

地铁车站深埋于地下,结构复杂特殊,一旦发生火灾,往往会造成重大的人员伤亡和财产损失。如何有效预防和减少火灾情况下的人员伤亡,尤其是防止群死群伤等重大安全事故的发生,已成为当前国内外消防安全领域研究的热点和重点。为在车站发生火灾事故时能够采取及时、有效的措施,将火灾事故的影响范围减少到最小,损失降到最低,本文对大型地铁站火灾进行了特性分析,分类介绍了地铁站火灾预警系统及相关预警机制,并在此基础上针对地铁站内不同的火灾发生地点分析讨论了不同的人员疏散救援模式,对大型地铁车站火灾的消防安全研究具有重要意义,也为地铁站的设计和管理提供了相参考。

In that the metro station is always located deep underground with complex and special structure,once a fire breaks out,heavy casualties and property losses are often caused. How to effectively prevent and reduce the casualties in the case of fire,especially to prevent the occurrence of major accidents such as group death,has already become a hot spot and focus of the research in the field of fire control safety all around the world. In order to take timely and effective measures in station fire accidents,and to reduce the range of the impact and loss of the fire accident to the lowest,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the fire in large metro stations,introduces the fire warning systems and the relative warning mechanisms by different classifications. Furthermore,different evacuation modes are analyzed and discussed for different fire occurrence locations in the metro station. This study is of great significance to research the fire safety of large metro stations,and provides references for the design and management of subway stations.