某医院分娩产妇孕期膳食营养与妊娠结局相关性分析

Correlation analysis of maternal nutrition and birth outcomes in a hospital

目的研究产妇孕期膳食营养状况及其与妊娠结局之间的关系。方法调查2016年1~4月在我院分娩的获得知情同意且符合纳入标准的妊娠妇女。使用自行设计的问卷现场调查孕期膳食营养情况及人口学特征,通过医院HIS系统跟踪妊娠结局资料,计数资料采用卡方检验分析,分别采用多因素线性回归分析法和非条件多因素Logistic回归分析法研究膳食营养与妊娠结局的关系。结果调查产妇在分娩前1周的膳食营养状况,谷类、蔬菜、水果和油脂类的摄入情况农村和城市无统计学差异(P>0.05)。豆制品、蛋制品、肉类、鱼类、乳制品的摄入情况农村和城市有统计学差异(P<0.05)。比较膳食种类数≥25和<25、鱼蛋禽畜肉类种类数≥5和<5与分娩孕周的关系,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较膳食种类数≥25和<25、鱼蛋禽畜肉类种类数≥5和<5分别与妊娠并发症和围生儿并发症的关系,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。比较膳食种类数≥25和<25与新生儿出生体重的关系,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论农村和城市孕妇豆制品、蛋制品、肉类、鱼类、乳制品膳食摄入种类存在差异,围孕期妇女增加膳食种类数,尤其是鱼蛋禽畜肉类的种类数,可以显著提高新生儿出生体重、降低并发症发生率。

Objective To understand the relationship between pregnant women’s dietary nutrition and birth outcomes. Methods Data were collected through surveys of pregnant women in our hospital from Jan to Apr 2016,in compliance with the inclusion criteria. With self-designed survey questions about dietary nutrition and sociodemographic characteristics, analyzed the relationship between pregnant women’s dietary nutrition and birth outcomes through χ2 test, multivariate linear regression analysis and non-conditional logistic regression analysis. ResultsThere were no statistical differences between women from rural areas and those from cities in the intake of cereal, vegetable, fruit and oil in the last week before birth（P〉0.05）. The differences between women’s intake of bean, egg, meat, dairy and fish products in rural and urban areas were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in gestational weeks when comparing dietary variety ≥25 and 〈25, egg, meat, dairy and fish variety ≥5 and 〈5. By contrast, the difference in pregnancy complications and perinatal complications between those with dietary variety ≥25 and 〈25, egg, meat, dairy and fish variety ≥5 and 〈5 were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The difference in birth weight between those with dietary variety ≥25 and 〈25 was also statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are differences between pregant women from rural areas and those from cities in dietary varieties including the intake of beans, eggs, meat, dairy and fish products. Increasing their dietary varieties, especially those of egg, meat, dairy and fish, can significantly increase birth weight and decrease the rate of complications.