代替考试罪共犯问题研究

A Research on Accomplice in the Crime of Replacing Someone in Examinations

代替考试罪即代替他人或者让他人代替自己参加法律规定的国家考试的行为。在司法实践中,代替考试罪往往是以共犯的形式出现,除了替考者和被替考者构成共同犯罪之外,针对监考人员明知是代替他人参加法律规定的国家考试而不予揭发的行为,应当构成片面的帮助犯;针对家长或者监护人帮助考生积极寻找替考者的行为,应认定为代替考试罪的教唆犯、帮助犯或者间接正犯;考生同意或者教唆他人代替自己参加法律规定的国家考试的行为,应直接认定为代替考试罪的正犯行为;其他在代替考试罪中发挥作用的中间人,应区分其在代替考试中发挥的作用,依次认定为组织考试作弊罪、代替考试罪的教唆犯或者仅给予行政处罚。

The crime of taking examination for someone else is the act of replacing others or allowing others to take part in the national examination prescribed by law. In judicial practice, the particular crime often occurs in the form of an accomplice. In addition to the joint crime of the replacer and one being replaced, a one-sided helping offender is constituted if the invigilator knows that the test-taker is a substitute for the national examination of the law prescribed by the law. If a parent or a warden actively assists the test-taker to seek a replacement, he/she should be regarded as an instigator, a help or an indirect offender in the crime; the behavior of test-taker consenting or instigating others to take the place of the test-taker in the national examination should be directly identif ed as a principal offender in the crime; the other middlemen in the crime, depending on his/her role in the act, can be identif ed as an organizer or an abettor of cheating in examinations, or to be sentenced with administrative penalty.