社会交换情境对公务员态度及行为影响的研究——基于社会交换理论建立模型

On the Impact of Social Exchange Situation on Civil Servants' Attitude and Behavior——A Model Based on Social Exchange Theory

新公共管理学派认为,公共部门与私营部门在管理上并无本质差异,倡导将私营部门前沿的管理理论与实践运用到公共部门,以提高政府行政效率。基于此,在政府部门背景下,以社会交换理论为切入点构建理论框架,用以解释三种不同社会交换情境要素与公务员态度及行为之间的关系。其中,三种情境分别是组织情境(高绩效工作系统)、领导情境(服务型领导)和员工认知情境(个人-组织匹配);公务员的态度包括高工作满意度和组织承诺,积极的行为反馈主要指组织公民行为,且这种关系受到三种社会交换状态(组织支持感、领导成员交换和公共服务动机)的中介作用和组织公平感的正向调节作用。模型的初步建立,理论上有助于揭示公共部门中的情境要素对公务员态度及行为影响的"黑箱",丰富该领域的研究成果;实践上可以为改善公共部门管理流程、提高服务效率提供参考资料,为后续的实证研究奠定基础。

The New Public Management thinks there is no essential difference in management between public and the private sectors, and advocates that public sector adopts the management theory and practice of private sector in order to improve the government administrative efficiency. Accordingly this paper tries to use social exchange theory to explain the relationship between three different social exchange situation factors and civil servants' attitudes and behavior. The three social exchange situation factors include organization, leaders and staff cognition, and civil servants' attitudes refers to job satisfaction and organization commitment. This relationship is positively adjusted by the mediation of three social exchange states(organizational support, leader exchange and public service motivation)and organizational justice. Theoretically the initial establishment of the model helps to reveal the impact of public sector on the civil servants' attitude and behavior, and in practice it can provide reference for the subsequent empirical research on the improvement of public management.