汉初郡国并行制的历史必然性探讨

The Historical Inevitability of the Country-county Parallel System at the Beginning of the Han Dynasty

汉初实行郡国并行制作为历史过渡阶段的成功证明,历史进程是受内在的一般规律支配的,由一种社会制度转向另一种新的制度,其间必须有一个不可或缺的过渡期和过渡性制度,而且这种向另一种完全不同制度的过渡,不能一蹴而就,其间还会伴随着尖锐复杂的殊死斗争。郡县和王国并行制是一大历史贡献。分封制确实是孕育分裂的温床,但在当时条件下短期内仍有其积极作用;郡县制亦非存在其不可避免的弱点和缺陷。郡国并行制是当时中国历史发展链条上不可缺少的一个重要环节,从封邦建国的分封制迈入中央集权的郡县制是社会制度发展史上的一次质的飞跃,也是历史发展的必然趋势。

The country-county parallel system adopted by the newly founded Han as a transition illustrates that history has its intrinsic regularity,and when social system changes, a transition is indispensable, which, however, with its difficulties and complexities, must be gradual. The parallel system is Liu Bang's historical contribution. Though breeding splits, the enfeoffment system has its merits, and positive effect in the short term, and system of prefectures and counties has its weaknesses. The country-county parallel system is an important step in Chinese history, and the replacement of the enfeoffment system by the system of prefectures and counties is a qualitative leap in the development of social system, as well as an inevitable historical trend.