基于WebGIS的农田水肥盐碱监测与调控管理系统

Monitoring and regulation management system of water,nutrient and salinity in farmland based on WebGIS

监测水肥盐碱动态变化信息,分析诊断提出调控方案,提升盐碱农田生产管理水平。该文基于Web GIS平台、利用Silverlight与WCF技术研发盐碱农田水肥盐碱监测管理系统,基于统计学原理和作物水肥盐碱平衡与胁迫响应原理,构建了特征分析、诊断预警和调控决策3类15个模型,并进行系统集成应用。结果表明,系统融合数据采集、数据管理、统计分析、诊断预警、调控决策技术与实施管理措施形成了"六位一体"的全过程优化管理体系;模型数据处理分析结果科学有效,系统应用决策方案符合实际。在无棣县盐碱农田应用表明,管理方案有效缓解了水盐限制,促进了土壤肥力趋稳均衡,投入产出效益和生产决策效率明显提升;2014—2016年综合节水率达31.02%,氮磷钾节肥率分别达28.69%~63.14%、10.07%~67.98%、97.98%~100%,小麦玉米增产率接近预期。研究有助于利用信息技术手段推进盐碱农田水肥盐碱动态规律的探索和田间精准管理水平的提升。

Monitoring the dynamic changes information of water, nutrient and salinity, analyzing and diagnosing, and putting forward regulation and control plan, are the basement of improving the production management level of saline alkali farmland. This paper developed a monitoring and regulation management system of water-nutrient-salt in saline alkali farmland based on WebG IS platform, Silverlight 5 and WCF（windows communication foundation） technology. And the technologies of point data monitoring, spatial analysis, and visualization were fused in the system. A series of models that included 15 models（3 kinds） for characteristics analysis, diagnosis and early warning, and control decision of farmland soil water, fertilizer, saline and alkali were set up. And the models were constructed based on the principle of statistics, the principle of water, fertilizer, salt and alkali balance of crop, and the stress response principle of crop to soil water, nutrient, salt and alkali. The system and the models were integrated and applied. The results showed that a whole process optimization management system of ＂integration of six aspects＂ was formed, providing an effective assistant decision-making tool for the production management of saline alkali farmland. The system integrated data collection, data management, statistical analysis, diagnosis and early warning, control and decision-making technology and implementation management measures. The results of data processing and analysis of the models were proved to be scientific and effective, and the system application decision was proved to be realistic. The system was applied in Wudi County, Shandong Province, China. The application results showed that the management plan proposed by the system effectively alleviated the salt and water restriction, and the desalination rate of soil salt reached 12.86% in 3 years. The scheme promoted the role of nutrient regulation and fertilizer reduction decision-making measures, and soil nutrient tended to be stable and balanced in space in general. The input-output benefits and production decision efficiency of agricultural production had been significantly improved. The comprehensive water saving rate in the years of 2014-2016 was up to 31.02%, and the nutrient saving rates of N（nitrogen）, P（phosphorus） and K（potassium） were 28.69%-63.14%, 10.07%-67.98%, and 97.98%-100% respectively. Wheat and corn yield increased respectively by 10.60% and 16.36% annually, which were close to the expected. The study also found that soil salinity and pH value showed a phenomenon of ＂salt lowering and alkali rising＂. Soil moisture had a negative correlation with pH value, but it was not a simple functional relationship. The organic matter increased under the effect of applying organic manure, especially the double-season crop straw returning to field, but its later growth rate was slowed down rapidly, which was related to the raising of corn silage and the decrease of organic matter returning to field. The effective nutrient was affected by the amount of fertilizer, the way of fertilization and the absorption and loss of crops, and the fluctuation was large. So regulatory intention in short term was difficult to be realized. All these phenomena need to be further studied and discussed. In addition, due to the low reliability of the Yellow River＇s water sources, the role of the system was limited. It is suggested that reservoirs or river interception should be used to store water. The research is helpful to explore the dynamic rule of water, nutrient and salinity in saline alkali soil by means of information technology and improve the precision management in the field.