猕猴桃适宜采摘期确定及其贮藏性能

Determination of suitable harvest period of kiwifruit and its storage performance

为研究猕猴桃果实生长发育及其适宜采收期。以贵长猕猴桃为试材,采用未浸果和浸果(氯吡脲10 mg/L)处理,监测了谢花后9~128 d果实生长发育规律与6个不同采收期下贮藏期果实品质及贮藏性的变化。结果表明,‘贵长’猕猴桃果实生长可分为3个时期:快速生长期(谢花后9~23 d)、缓慢生长期(谢花后23~100 d)和平缓生长期(谢花后100~128 d)。‘贵长’猕猴桃果实在生长期内,硬度变化呈先升高后降低,干物质和可滴定酸含量变化呈先快速增加后缓慢增加,可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量变化呈逐渐增加,总酚和黄酮含量变化呈波动增加。10 mg/L氯吡脲浸果明显提高了‘贵长’猕猴桃果实的生长速率和生长量,降低了生长期果实的硬度;且能增加生长期和贮藏期果实干物质和可溶性蛋白含量、减少可滴定酸、总酚和黄酮含量,提高谢花后58~128 d和贮藏期果实可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖和叶绿素含量;但加速贮藏期糖高峰出现和可滴定酸损失,降低了贮藏性能。早采或晚采以及10 mg/L氯吡脲浸果均可加速‘贵长’猕猴桃果实的软化、硬度降低、质量和营养物质的损失,极显著地(P<0.01)增加果实腐烂率。‘贵长’猕猴桃较适宜的采收期为谢花后125~132 d,即干物质达16.5%~17.5%、可溶性固形物达6.5%~7.5%间采收。该研究可为猕猴桃优质生产及适宜采收期提供理论支撑。

This study aimed to investigate the growth and development pattern of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit and its suitable harvest period, the growth parameters（longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, lateral diameter, single fruit volume and single fruit weight） and development parameters（firmness, dry matter, soluble solid, soluble total sugar, titratable acid, chlorophyll, soluble protein, total phenol and total flavonoids） of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit from 9-128 d after the flower-fading, as well as the changes of fruit quality（ dry matter, soluble solid, soluble total sugar, titratable acid, chlorophyll, soluble protein, total phenol and total flavonoids） and storage performance（firmness, soften rate, weight loss, decay rate） during postharvest storage were surveyed by the treatment of non dipped and 10 mg/L forchlorfenuron dipped fruit. The results indicated that the fruit growth（longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, lateral diameter, single fruit volume and single fruit weight） of ‘Guichang＇ kiwifruit could be divided into three periods. Firstly, the faster increasing period that it was from 9-23 d after the flower-fading, and the duration period was 14 d. Secondly, the slow increasing period that it was from 23-100 d after the flower-fading, and the duration period was 77 d. Thirdly, the mild increasing period that it was from 100-128 d after the flower-fading, and the duration period was 28 d. During the growth period, the fruit firmness of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit increased at first and then slowly decreased, the content of dry matter and titratable acid of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit increased fast at first and then slowly increased, the content of soluble solid, soluble total sugar, chlorophyll and soluble protein of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit faster increased gradually, and the content of total phenol and total flavonoids of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit showed a fluctuating increase. The dipped fruit by 10 mg/L forchlorfenuron could effectively increase the growth rate and growth amount of ‘Guichang＇ kiwifruit, and reduce the firmness of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit during the growth period. Moreover, 10 mg/L forchlorfenuron could increase the contents of dry matter and soluble protein of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit in the growth and storage period, and reduce the content of titratable acid, total phenols and flavonoids of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit, also increase the contents of soluble solids, soluble total sugar and chlorophyll of ‘Guichang＇ kiwi fruit from 58-128 d after the flower-fading and storage period. However, 10 mg/L forchlorfenuron could accelerate the occurrence of the sugar peak and titratable acid loss, and reduce storage the performance. In addition, the fruit softening, firmness reducing, quality and nutrient substance loss of ‘Guichang＇ kiwifruit could be accelerated at the early harvest, late harvest or dipped fruit of 10 mg/L forchlorfenuron, and significantly（P〈0.01） increased the fruit decay rate of ‘Guichang＇ kiwifruit. The suitable harvest period for ‘Guichang＇ kiwifruit was from 125-132 d after the flower-fading, when the dry matter and soluble solids content of ‘Guichang＇ kiwifruit were 16.5%-17.5% and 6.5%-7.5%, respectively. Collectively, the results from this study provide a scientific basis for the high-quality cultivation, determination of the suitable harvest period of ‘Guichang＇ kiwifruit.