吸附法去除水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染的研究进展

A review on phthalates removal using adsorption in aqueous environments

邻苯二甲酸酯类(Phthalic acid esters,PAEs)是一类应用广泛的增塑剂,主要添加在塑料制品、橡胶、医疗器械和儿童玩具中。PAEs通过废水排放、大气干湿沉降、塑料废弃物渗出等途径进入饮用水、地表水和地下水环境中,由于其具有致畸、致癌和致突变作用,并对鱼类、哺乳类动物具有内分泌干扰效应,因此引起了全世界的广泛关注。本文综述了目前常用的吸附方法去除水环境中PAEs的效果和机理,重点阐述了活性炭、壳聚糖、生物质、黏土矿物、人工树脂、膜材料、纳米材料、分子印迹聚合物等新型材料对PAEs的吸附效果、吸附性能和机理,对这些材料吸附去除PAEs的优缺点做了简单总结,并对吸附法去除PAEs的发展前景进行了展望。

Phthalate esters（PAEs）are widely-used plasticizers added to plastic products, rubber materials, medical implements, and toys to improve plasticity. Over the last decades, the occurrence of PAEs in drinking water, surface water, and ground water is largely due to wastewater discharge, dry and wet deposition, and leachates from plastic waste. PAE-contaminated water has been linked to teratogenesis, mutagenicity and endocrine disruption in the reproduction system of fish and mammals, and has known carcinogenic effects. This work presents a review of current and future adsorptive materials used for phthalate removal from aquatic environments. Adsorbents include activated carbon and its derivatives, chitosan and modified chitosan, biochar, clay minerals, polymer resin, membrane, nanomaterials, molecular imprinted polymers（MIPs）, as well as other emerging materials. Additionally, adsorbent efficiency, adsorption mechanisms, and costs have been summarized; generally, adsorption capacity increases with PAE hydrophobicity for most adsorbents. Langmuir and Freundlich ′ s isotherm models are useful in describing adsorption data. Adsorption processes can be attributed to hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, and pore filling. Moreover, research advances suggest that modified chitosan, clay mineral and biochar of activated sludge and bacteria are promising adsorbents as they are low cost, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient.