从大学排名看我国高等教育第三方评估现状与出路

Status and Prospect of the Third-party Evaluation Based on Higher Education Institute Rankings

目前,我国高等教育第三方评估机构的大学排名呈现出评估主体和评估类型众多、评价指标和排名结果差异较大、社会公信力不足的现状,引起了社会各界的广泛争议。大学排名的诞生有其社会背景和现实需求。大学排名评估现状背后,折射出的是当前我国高等教育第三方评估机构面临缺少行业准入和监管,资金、专业评估人才和数据缺乏,职能缺失、缺乏专业评估能力等困境。未来我国第三方评估的发展,应从成立统一的行业协会对评估市场进行准入和监管、加强与高校的联系和合作、从单一的大学排名转向学科评估和专业评估等方面入手。

In China, the university rankings made by the third-party evaluation institutions present many problems, such as lots subjects and types of assessment, large differences of evaluation indicators and ranking results, and the lack of social credibility. These facts caused widespread controversy in all sectors of society. The birth of university rankings has its social background and practical needs. And the assessment status of university rankings reflects the dilemma of lacking of industry access and supervision, lacking of funds, professional assessment talents and data, and lacking of professional assessment capabilities. The third-party evaluation institutions of higher education in China should be developed from establishing a unified indus- try association to assess, regulate and supervise the evaluation market. These institutes should strengthen contact and cooperation with universities, and change from university rankings to sub- ject assessment and professional assessment.