日本个人信息权利立法保护的经验及借鉴

Experience and reference on legislative protection of personal information rights in Japan

信息化是现代社会的特征之一。日本保护个人信息的立法起步早,且特色鲜明。从日本《个人信息保护法》制定与完善的过程可以发现,在广泛借鉴欧美先进立法经验的同时,立法者充分考虑了日本本国的实际情况。这部法律在个人信息的界定、专门监督机构的设置、保护标准以及化解法律实施后的"过剩反应"等方面都很有特色。为了保证该法实施的社会效果,从2003—2005年个人信息保护法律草案到正式实施,政府为此做了充分的铺垫,利用各种途径宣传解读个人信息保护法,并为企业和个人留出了缓冲时间。这些保护个人信息权利的经验和做法值得中国借鉴。

Information popularization is one of the characteristics of modern society. Japanese legislation for protecting personal information started earlier and has a distinctive characteristic. It is found that the actual situation in Japan is considered fully by the legislator from the process of making and perfecting the Personal Information Protection Act of Japan, while drawing on the advanced legislative experience of Europe and America. The law is characterized by the definition of personal information, the establishment of special supervision institutions, the protection standards and the ＂excess response＂ after the implementation of the law. In order to ensure the social effect of the implementation of the law, in the process from the drafting to the implementing of the Personal Information Protection Act from 2003 to 2005, the Japanese government did a full preparation for this. The Personal Information Protection Act was publicized using various ways, and the buffer time was retained for enterprises and individuals. These experiences and practices to protect the rights of personal information are worth learning for China.