从《搜神记》的归类看古代目录学的小说观

Views of Fiction Reflected by the Classification of Sou Shen Ji

《世说新语》是杂记体,而《搜神记》则是杂传体,所以《隋书·经籍志》把《世说新语》归入子部小说类,却把《搜神记》归入史部杂传类。唐代以后对历史的要求日益严格,来自民间传说的内容不再进入史部,从此《搜神记》和《世说新语》一起被归入子部小说类。传统目录学将小说定位为以约略梗概的方式记载民间传说,《搜神记》被归入小说是不得已而为之,从严格意义上来说,《世说新语》和《阅微草堂笔记》等才是最正宗的古代目录学小说。

Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a miscellaneous collection of stories,and Sou Shen Ji is a miscellaneous body of biographies,so the Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi puts Shi Shuo Xin Yu into the fiction subdivision of the category of philosophical writings and Sou Shen Ji into the miscellaneous subdivision of the history category. After the Tang Dynasty,the criteria for history were increasingly stringent,and folklore was no longer included in history category. From then on,Sou Shen Ji and Shi Shuo Xin Yu were both incorporated into the subdivision of fiction under the category of philosophical writings. The traditional bibliography took fiction as an outline of the folk legends and accordingly Sou Shen Ji was classified as fiction. In the strict sense,Sou Shen Ji and Shi Shuo Xin Yu were both fiction in the literal sense.