《联合国海洋法公约》群岛制度及其发展趋势和启示

Enlightenments and Developing Trend of Archipelago System of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

为系统梳理相关国际海洋法律制度的历史和发展情况,推动我国进一步维护国家海洋权益和依法解决海洋争端,文章基于《联合国海洋法公约》介绍群岛制度的谈判历史和发展趋势,并提出对我国群岛制度建设的启示。研究结果表明:对群岛问题的实质性讨论和群岛制度的初步形成始于联合国第三次海洋法会议;历经谈判和博弈,群岛国和群岛基线等内容被《联合国海洋法公约》确定;根据《联合国海洋法公约》,群岛国和非群岛国多通过国内立法行使和充实其群岛权利,推动群岛制度的发展,其中大洋群岛的权利是重要领域和趋势;我国应在遵守《联合国海洋法公约》的前提下加强研究,积极参与国际海洋事务及其规则制定,在充分考量自身实际情况的基础上,通过完善国内立法,构建群岛制度。

In order to systematically comb history law of the sea,protect China＇s marine rights and and development of the system of international interests and solve marine dispute,the paper in troduced the negotiation history and developing trend based on the United Nations Convention on the I.aw of the Sea, put forward the enlightenment to China＇s archipelago system. The results of the study showed that substantive discussions on the question of archipelagos and the initial for mation of the archipelagic system began at the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. Through negotiations and games,archipelagic states and the baselines of archipelago had beendetermined ed Nations by the United Nations Convention on the I.aw of the Sea.In accordance with the Unit Convention on the Law of the Sea, most arch exercised and enriched their archipelagic rights through development portant area hipel Chin P d elagic and non archipelagic states had omestic legislation and promoted the agic system ,of which the rights of midocean a should strengthen research on the premise archipe of abidi lago were an im ng by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,actively participate in the formulation of international ocean rules,and on the basis of taking full account of its own actual situation,improve domestic legislation and establish the archipelagic system.