基于视觉情境范式的口语词汇理解研究进展

Research on Spoken Word Comprehension in Visual World Paradigm

视觉情境范式是主要用于研究口语理解的眼动范式,它将视觉情境与听觉刺激跨通道结合,使实验环境更为自然。研究发现,在口语词汇理解中,词汇的音、义、形信息能得到激活;儿童对语音的激活水平已接近成人,对语义的激活水平仍与成人存在差距;双语者能否激活跨语言竞争词仍存在争议;视觉材料、听觉环境和预示时长会影响该范式下的口语词汇理解过程。未来应加大对汉语被试和特殊被试的研究,并丰富该范式的视觉情境与听觉环境。

Visual world paradigm is an effective tool for research on spoken language comprehension, which integrates lin- guistic information with information derived from the visual environment. A great deal of visual world research has converged on lexieal processing. Main areas of interests are activation of phonology, semantics and visual informa- tion. On the other hand, bilinguals and children also attract researchers＇ attention. Research has found that children＇s abilities to recognize phonology is similar to the level of adults. But children＇s comprehension of semantics still drops behind adults. In bilingualism research, it is a critical question that whether lexieal access in bilinguals is language-specific or alternatively both languages are active. Plenty of research has explored into the diffeient bilin- guals and find conflicting results. Importantly, the difleient visual stimuli, listening conditions and preview timing of visual world paradigm have a great impact on the results. Although many achievements of spoken word comprehen- sion have been made in visual world paradigm, something in this area needs to be further investigated. Firstly, re- search on Chinese spoken word recognition can be strengthened. Secondly, special participants need more attention. Last but not least, future research ought to diversify- visual scenes and listening conditions of visual world paradigm.