徽难疏略:太平天国时期徽州的地方记忆与民间书写

The Event of Huinan(徽难):Huizhou's Local Memory and Folk Writing in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement Period

清末的太平天国运动席卷了大半个中国,处于皖南的徽州深受其影响。尤其是在太平军与清军轮番洗劫之下,徽州俨然成为了人间炼狱。在这次空前的战乱兵燹之中,徽州本土遭受了前所未有的重创。以胡晋柱、黄次荪、汪士铎等为代表的徽州士绅留下的大量笔记、年谱,为后人洞悉太平天国运动时期徽州社会的实态提供了依据。不同于以往官方意识形态下的政治书写,太平天国时期的徽州地方记忆更多依托的是当地士绅的民间书写。而民间书写的最大特色即在于不以官方意识形态来评价太平天国运动在徽州的前后发展,这样就尽可能地接近了当时的史实。另外,太平天国运动在徽州的发展亦可以看做其兴衰嬗变的地方缩影,它为全面了解太平天国运动提供了学术路径。

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in the late Qing Dynasty swept through most of China, and Huizhou in southern Anhui was deeply influenced by it. Especially in the robbed of the Taiping Army and the Qing army,Huizhou has become a human purgatory. In this unprecedented war of chaos, Huizhou＇s has suffered an unprecedented heavy blow. The many notes and chronicles of the Huizhou gentry, represented by Hu Jinzhu, Huang Cisun and Wang Shiduo, provided a basis for the posterity to understand the reality of the Huizhou society during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement. Different from the political writing under the previous official ideology, Huizhou＇s local memory in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom relies more on the folk writing of local gentry. The most important feature of folk writing is to evaluate the development of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in Huizhou without official ideology, so as to be as close as possible to the historical facts of the time. In addition, the development of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Huizhou can also be seen as a miniature of its rise and fall. It provides an academic path for a comprehensive understanding of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement.