关于马克思唯物史观逻辑起点的几点思考

Some Thoughts on the Logical Starting Point of Marxist Historical Materialism

在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思和恩格斯认为唯物史观的出发点是"现实的人"。对他们而言,"现实的人"是从事物质生产、受一定的物质条件制约的人,他们在物质生产活动中结成一定的社会关系,并且受这些关系制约。但这些现实的人之所以要进行物质生产,归根到底是由其肉体需要驱动的,是为了满足人的肉体组织的需要。需要是人作为肉体存在物的"本性",也是物质生产劳动的内在驱动力。正是需要使人成为"现实的人",并且使人将自我意识外化到现实的劳动之中。因此,在肯定"现实的人"是马克思和恩格斯考察历史的"前提"和"出发点"的同时,还可以进一步确认"现实的人"的需要在唯物史观中的逻辑上的优先性,并将之视为唯物史观的逻辑起点。

In The German Ideology, Marx and Engels thought that the starting point of Historical Materialism is ＂actual man＂. In their opinions, ＂Actual man＂ is the person who is engaged in the material production and is limited by the material conditions.He lives in certain social relationships of the material production activities, and is restricted by these social relationships. The ultimate reasons why these actual men launch material production are the needs of human bodies, and these material productions can meet the material needs of ＂actual man＂. These needs are the nature of human beings as the physical existence, and the internal driving force of material production labors. It is the needs of ＂actual man＂ that make them become realistic people.Additionally, the needs of ＂actual man＂ lead to people putting their self-consciousness into the feasible labors. Therefore, we approve Marx and Engels＇ opinion that ＂actual man＂ is to inspect the historical premise and starting point. At the same time, we also can further confirm that the need of ＂actual man＂ is prior to ＂actual man＂ on the logic of Historical Materialism. What＇s more, it can be regarded as the logical starting point of Historical Materialism.