文化的生产性与财富的流转:马克思主义文化战略学初探

Productivity of Culture and Circulation of Wealth:An Exploration on Marxist Cultural Strategy

马克思经济哲学语境中的文化理论,可以成为当代中国马克思主义文化战略学建构的重要理论基础。马克思经济哲学的总框架是物质生产的＂生产力-生产关系＂,在此框架下有关文化的两个分框架是：与＂生产关系＂相关的＂经济基础-上层建筑＂框架——在其中文化是＂意识形态性＂的,与＂生产力＂相关的＂必要劳动时间-剩余劳动时间＂框架——在其中文化是＂生产性＂的。在具有＂生产性＂的物质生产中,剩余劳动创造剩余产品,文化是在剩余产品从物质生产中流转、游离出来的＂自由时间＂（剩余价值）的基础上发展起来。＂生产性＂与＂意识形态性＂理论,是马克思主义文化战略学的两大基石,其中,＂生产性＂理论对于探讨在当代社会和产业转型中作为符号经济的文化产业与实体经济之间、文化的产业化发展与非产业化发展之间的财富配置关系等文化战略学问题方面,具有重要的启示意义。在全球化的视野中,在文化价值观上重视人的生产性和财富可分享性的统一,能体现社会主义制度的优越性,并使中国在文化战略上处于全球价值制高点。

The cultural theory in the context of Marxist economic philosophy could be taken as an important theoretical basis to construct the Marxist Cultural Strategy in contemporary China. The general framework of Marxist economic philosophy is productivity and production relations within material production. Under this framework,there are two branches： the framework of the economic base and the superstructure associated with the production relations,under which culture is ideological,and the framework of necessary labor time and surplus labor time associated with productivity,under which culture is productive. In the productive material production,surplus labor creates surplus products,and culture has developed on the basis of free time（ surplus value） transited and dissociated from material production by surplus products. The theories of the productive quality and the ideological quality are two mainstays of the Marxist cultural strategy. The theory of the productive quality has important enlightenments to discuss issues on cultural strategy such as wealth configuration between the cultural industry which serves as the symbol of economy in contemporary society and the industrial transformation,and the real economy,and also between the industrial development and non-industrial development of culture,etc. In the view of globalization,attaching great importance to the unity of the productive of human beings and the sharable wealth on the cultural values could reflect the superiority of the socialist system and keep China’s cultural strategy on a high ground of values in the world.