基于平台翻滚的微型客车耐撞性研究

A Research on Crashworthiness of a Minivan Based on Platform Rolling

建立某微型客车平台翻滚试验有限元仿真模型,通过对运动姿态、运动参数和部件变形进行对标分析,验证有限元模型的可靠性。根据车辆变形、受力和吸能等试验与仿真结果,确定两根顶盖横梁和左右A柱内板为目标车型在翻滚碰撞过程的关键结构。从车身结构耐撞特性与吸能特性出发,综合考虑生存空间侵入与结构能量吸收的评价指标,利用Opt LHD试验设计、KRG近似模型构建、NAGA-Ⅱ多目标寻优和比例系数取优等方法完成关键结构的优化。优化后关键结构总质量减轻24.78%,结构总吸能减少18.81%,关键构件的平均比吸能提升11.89%。

A finite element simulation model for the tumbling test of a minivan is established,with its reliability verified by the benchmarking on motion attitude,motion parameters and component deformation. According to the test and simulation results of deformation,force and energy absorption of the vehicle,two cross beams of roof and left and right A-pillars are determined to be the key structures of target vehicle in rolling collision process.Based on the crashworthiness and energy absorption characteristics of vehicle body,with concurrent considerations of evaluation indicators,i. e. survival space intrusion and structural energy absorption,key structure optimization is completed by using Opt LHD design of experiment,Kriging approximate models,NAGA-II multi-objective optimization and proportional coefficient optimization algorithms. After optimization,the total mass of key structures reduces by 24. 78%,the total energy absorbed by structures lowers by 18. 81% while the average specific energy absorption for key components increases by 11. 89%.