中缅泰老“黄金四角”地区缅甸段土地利用与景观格局变化分析

Analysis of land use and landscape pattern change in Myanmar section of the Golden Quadrangle Region in the border of China, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos

以中缅泰老"黄金四角"地区缅甸段为例,通过构建土地利用重心测度、动态变化及景观指数等模型,对其1993年~2017年的土地利用与景观格局变化状况进行探究,得出以下结论:(1)随时间演进,研究区林地显著扩展而草地、耕地、灌丛及水体等均大幅减少,建筑用地虽扩展显著但比重始终较小;各土地利用类型的空间分布重心及其转移变化差异显著,24年间,建筑用地、耕地、草地、水体及湿地重心均整体向东北方向偏移而林地与灌丛重心偏向西南。(2)研究区土地利用变化速度整体较快但小幅放缓,土地利用空间变化剧烈的区域主要集中在林地、草地及耕地等用地类型上;随时间演进,各用地类型均发生了较明显的相互转化,其中以林地、草地、耕地及灌丛的间转化最为显著。(3)从斑块类型尺度来看,研究区不同用地斑块间的景观指数及其变动差异悬殊,整体而言,灌丛、草地及耕地的斑块密度明显较高但形状规整程度显著较低,而林地的平均斑块面积远大于其余地类。(4)从景观总体尺度来看,研究区景观的多样性与均匀度指数均持续降低而破碎度指数整体减小,各用地景观面积差异持续扩大且空间分布的均匀程度不断降低,整体呈由分散分布向集中布局的转变。

Take Myanmar section of the Golden Quadrangle region in the borderof China, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos as an example, through building land usegravity center measurement, dynamic change and landscape index and other models,the paper explored the change of land use and landscape pattern from 1993to 2017. The results show that： ①With time going on, the forest in the studyarea significantly expanded while the grass, cultivated land, bush and waterall decreased significantly, meanwhile, although the construction land wassignificantly expanded, its proportion remained small; There are significantdifferences in the spatial distribution center of gravity and shifts of allland use types, in the past 24 years, the center of gravity of constructionland, cultivated land, grass, water and wetland has shifted toward the northeastas a whole while the forest and bush has shifted toward the southwest.②The speed of land use change in the study area was fast overall but slightlyslowed down, the areas with drastic change of land use were mainly concentratedon land types such as forest, grass and cultivated land; As time goes on,there was a clear mutual conversion of all types of land use, among which theconversion between forest, grass, cultivated land and bush was the most significant.③From the scale of patch type, there were significant difference oflandscape index and its change between different land use patches in the studyarea, on the whole, the patch density of the bush, grass and cultivated landwas significantly higher but the shape regularity was significantly lower,while the average patch area of the forest was much larger than the rest ofland use types. ④From the scale of the landscape,the diversity of Shandong, followed by central and southern Shandong, east of Shandong isrelatively more concentrated. （2）The growing categories include residentialland, land for public facilities, land for road and transport facilities andgreen land belong to a structure of growth, the industrial land belong to astructure of decline; From the spatial distribution,the Qingdao, Jining, Laiwu,Dezhou, Liaocheng and Binzhou＇s construction land was expanding rapidly,the Qingdao and Jining had a strong competitiveness from while the Jinan wasweak. Taian and Heze construction land showed a decreasing trend. The effectof the supply of the rest of the city had the difference between the strongand the weak of which Weifang competitiveness was weak; （3）Urban ConstructionLand Structure were affected by economic, population, urban residents＇ livingstandards and policy factors.