统一后原东德城市收缩现象及机制研究

Research on the phenomena and mechanism of shrinking cities in the former East Germany after reunification

20世纪90年代,收缩城市开始从欧美发达国家蔓延至东欧前社会主义国家,其中以统一后的德国东部城市最为典型。统一后原东德收缩城市的案例表明,城市收缩引发的人口流失与经济衰退现象,主要表现为企业大量倒闭,劳动力市场萎缩,人口总量及出生率急速下降以及城市失业率飙升等;而两德统一带来的体制变化是导致原东德城市收缩的主要原因,此外,人口流动、过激私有化、郊区化和过度补贴等一系列反应进一步加剧了城市的收缩;本文最后对统一后,在华盛顿共识的影响下原东德地区采取的断崖式改革所引起的城市变化进行了探讨和反思。

In the 1990s, shrinking cities began to spread from developedcountries in Europe and the United States to the former socialist countries inEastern Europe, of which the most typical case is the eastern cities afterGerman reunification. Based on the research about the shrinking cities in theformer East Germany, this thesis focused on the phenomena of reducingpopulation and economic recession attributed to urban shrinkage. The urbanshrinkage is accompanied with a large number of factories and companiescorrupts, labor markets declines, population and birth rates decreases, aswell as soaring unemployment, etc. The research showed that the shrinkage ofthe former East German cities is largely due to political systems reform afterreunification. In addition, the urban shrinkage was intensified by a series ofreactions such as large-scale emigration, radical privatization, sub-urbanizationand transitional subsidies. In the end, this thesis made a discussion andreflection on the urban changes caused by the political reform in EasternGerman cities under the influence of the Washington Consensus.