饲粮中消化能、粗蛋白质和粗纤维水平对育肥苏姜猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

Effects of Dietary Digestible Energy,Crude Protein and Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance,Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Fattening Sujiang Pigs

本试验旨在研究饲粮中消化能、粗蛋白质和粗纤维水平对育肥苏姜猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。试验选用162头体重(50.49±4.78)kg的苏姜猪,随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头(公母各占1/2)。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,消化能水平分别为11.64、12.24、12.84 M J/kg,粗蛋白质水平分别为12%、13%、14%,粗纤维水平分别为5%、8%、11%,配制9种饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果显示:1)11.64 M J/kg消化能组平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著高于12.24、12.84 MJ/kg消化能组(P<0.01);饲粮消化能水平对试验猪的平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对试验猪的ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著影响(P>0.05)。8%和11%粗纤维组的ADG、ADFI、F/G分别显著高于(P<0.05)、极显著低于(P<0.01)、极显著低于(P<0.01)5%粗纤维组。2)12.24 MJ/kg消化能组屠宰率和胴体长显著高于11.64 MJ/kg消化能组(P<0.05);11%粗纤维组平均背膘厚极显著低于5%粗纤维组(P<0.01)。3)12.84 MJ/kg消化能组的肌肉红度值极显著高于11.64和12.24 M J/kg消化能组(P<0.01);13%粗蛋白质组肌肉p H24 h显著低于12%粗蛋白质组(P<0.05);8%和11%粗纤维组肌内脂肪含量极显著低于5%粗纤维组(P<0.01)。综合考虑上述因素,育肥苏姜猪饲粮中消化能、粗蛋白质、粗纤维的适宜水平分别为12.24 MJ/kg、12%、11%。

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary digestible energy （DE）, crude protein （CP） and crude fiber （CF） levels on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of fattening Sujiang pigs. A total of 162 Sujiang pigs with the body weight of （50.49±4.78） kg were selected and randomly assigned to 9 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 pigs per replicate （half male and half female）. The orthogonal experiment design of three factors and three levels were used to formulate 9 different diets with 3 DE levels （11.64, 12.24 and 12.84 MJ/kg）, 3 CP levels （12%, 13% and 14%） and 3 CF levels （5%, 8% and 11%）. The prefeeding period lasted for 7 days and the feeding period lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows： 1） the average daily feed intake （ADFI） of pigs in 11.64 MJ/kg DE group was extremely significantly higher than that in 12.24 and 12.84 MJ/kg DE groups （ P 〈0.01）, but dietary DE level had no significant effects on average daily gain （ADG） and feed/gain （F/G） （ P 〉0.05）. Dietary CP level had no significant effects on ADFI, ADG and F/G （ P 〉0.05）. The ADG, ADFI and F/G of pigs in 8% and 11% CF groups were significantly higher （ P 〈0.05）, extremely significantly lower （ P 〈0.01） and extremely significantly lower （ P 〈0.01） than those in 5% CF group, respectively. 2） The dressing percentage and carcass length of pigs in 12.24 MJ/kg DE group were significantly higher than those in 11.64 MJ/kg DE group （ P 〈0.05）. The average back fat thickness of pigs in 11% CF group was extremely significantly lower than that in 5% CF group （ P 〈 0.01）. 3） The muscle redness value in 12.84 MJ/kg DE group was extremely significantly higher than that in 11.64 and 12.24 MJ/kg DE groups （ P 〈0.01）. The muscle pH 24 h of pigs in 13% CP group was significantly lower than that in 12% CP group （ P 〈0.05）. The intramuscular fat content of pigs in 8% and 11% CF groups were extremely significantly lower than that in 5% CF group （ P 〈0.01）. In conclusion, the appropriate DE, CP and CF levels in diets for fattening Sujiang pigs can be set as 12.24 MJ/kg, 12% and 11%, respectively.